Angina
Angina is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, often triggered by exertion or stress.
Angina is a type of chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It is commonly triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, or cold weather, and is often a symptom of underlying coronary artery disease. While angina itself is not a heart attack, it can be a warning sign that the person is at risk of one.
The pain is usually described as a pressure, tightness, or squeezing sensation in the chest, and may also radiate to the jaw, neck, shoulders, or arms. It typically lasts a few minutes and subsides with rest or the use of medication such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN).
In a first aid situation, it's important to help the person stop what they’re doing and sit or lie in a comfortable position. If they have been prescribed angina medication, assist them in taking it as directed. Monitor their symptoms, and if the pain persists for more than 10 minutes, is severe, or returns after resting, treat it as a potential heart attack and call 000 immediately.
While angina can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes, it should never be ignored. Prompt first aid can help reduce complications and may save a life if symptoms progress to a cardiac emergency.
Chest pain or tightness, often described as pressure or heaviness
Pain spreading to the neck, jaw, shoulder, or arm
Shortness of breath
Nausea or sweating
Symptoms ease with rest or medication
Help the person sit down and rest in a comfortable position.
Assist them to take their prescribed angina medication (e.g. GTN spray or tablet).
Reassure and monitor them closely.
If pain lasts more than 10 minutes or worsens, call 000.
Be prepared to perform CPR if the person becomes unresponsive.
Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. It is often triggered by physical activity or stress and may be a warning sign of underlying heart disease.